Patient Education
Macular Hole
A macular hole is a small break in the macula — the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. It develops when the vitreous gel inside the eye shrinks and pulls on the center of the retina, eventually creating a full-thickness hole.
Typical Symptoms
- A blurry, distorted spot in the center of your vision
- Straight lines appearing bent or wavy
- A small blind spot in the center of vision
- Difficulty reading or doing fine detail work
- Colors appearing washed out in the center
How It's Diagnosed
OCT
The primary test for macular holes. OCT provides a detailed cross-section image of the macula, clearly showing the size and depth of the hole and the stage of development.
Dilated Eye Exam
Your doctor can often see a macular hole through the dilated pupil with specialized examination lenses.
Amsler Grid
A simple grid that highlights distortion or a central missing area, which can suggest a macular hole.
How It Affects Vision
Macular holes directly affect the center of vision used for reading, recognizing faces, and fine detail. Without treatment, they tend to enlarge and vision worsens. Peripheral vision is preserved. After successful surgery, many patients recover significant central vision.
Treatment Options
Vitrectomy with Gas Tamponade
The standard treatment. The vitreous gel is removed, and a gas bubble is placed in the eye to press against and close the hole. The bubble absorbs naturally over 6–8 weeks.
Face-Down Positioning
After surgery, patients must maintain a face-down position for several days to a week so the gas bubble applies gentle pressure to the macular hole while it heals.
When to Seek Urgent Care
Macular holes are not emergencies, but earlier treatment generally leads to better visual outcomes. If you notice a new central blind spot or significant central distortion, schedule an evaluation within a few days.
Call us: 210-615-7600